Showing posts with label Inequalities. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Inequalities. Show all posts

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Inequalities

Indian Statistical Institute B.Math & B.Stat Solved Problems, Vinod Singh ~ Kolkata Show that $|x|+|y| \leq |x+y|+|x-y| \quad and \quad \frac{|x+y|}{1+|x+y|} \leq \frac{|x|}{1+|x|} + \frac{|y|}{1+|y|} \quad for \quad x,y \in \mathbb{R} $ $$$$ We have $\quad|x+y+x-y| \leq |x+y|+|x-y| $ $$$$ $ \implies 2|x| \leq |x+y|+|x-y| \dots A$ $$$$ Now, $|x+y+y-x| \leq |x+y|+|y-x|$ $$$$ $ \implies 2|y| \leq |x+y|+|-1||x-y| $ $$$$ $\implies 2|y| \leq |x+y|+|x-y| \dots B$ $$$$ Adding $A$ and $B$ we get $ |x|+|y| \leq |x+y|+|x-y|$ The second inequality holds $$$$ $iff$ $\frac{(1+|x|)(1+|y|)|x+y|}{1+|x+y|} \leq |x|(1+|y|)+|y|(1+|x|)$ $$$$ $ iff \quad (1+|x|)(1+|y|)|x+y| \leq (|x|+|y|+2|xy|)(1+|x+y|)$ $$$$ (multiply and cancel out terms) $$$$ $iff \quad |x+y| \leq |x|+|y| +|xy|(2+|x+y|)$ $$$$ Now for any real $x$ and $y$, $|xy|(2+|x+y|) \geq 0$ and we know that $|x+y| \leq |x|+|y|$ $$$$ Thus the last inequality holds, which in turn proves the original ineqality.
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